Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT; with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)) and Graves’ disease (GD; with TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs)) are frequent autoimmune disorders responsible for thyroid dysfunction. There are two types of TRAbs, the ones that stimulate the thyroid (TSAb) causing Graves’ hyperthyroidism and those that block thyrotropin action (TBAb) being occasionally responsible for hypothyroidism. Unusual patients switch from TSAb to TBAb (o...

Estrogen-producing adrenal gland tumors (EPAGT) are extremely rare, accounting for only 1–2% of all adrenal tumors. They are most commonly observed in men or in children, and are unusual in women. They are almost always malignant even if they seem benign at presentation, and most of them have a poor prognosis. We present a case of a 71-year-old man with painful bilateral gynecomastia, without galactorrhea, over 4 months. Markedly elevated plasma estradiol levels were foun...

Introduction: Hypocalcaemia is a potential post-thyroidectomy complication. Patients with previous Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGBP) are at increased risk of symptomatic hypocalcaemia refractory to treatment. This complication is rare and there is not consensus on how to act.Clinic case: Female with 34 years old, with a history of Obesity (BMI 45.7 kg/m2), submitted to RYGBP in 2013, with a total loss of 47 kg (current BMI 27.3 kg/m2...

Introduction: The hyperthyroidism is a risk factor for tachyarrhythmia and dilated cardiomyopathy. Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic medication, however if coexisting thyroid pathology complicates the treatment of thyroid dysfunction. It presents a case of Graves’ disease (GD) of long evolution, which illustrates the complexity of these associations. Clinical case: man, 44 years old, smoker, history of acute myocardial infarction and GD diagnosed at age 28. Has ma...

Introduction: Clinical inertia applied to type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treatment, is defined as a lack of treatment’s intensification of patients who are not in HbA1c target. Clinical inertia leads to a postponement of new therapeutic introduction, with all complications associated with a poor metabolic control. In Portugal there are only studies that show good or poor metabolic control but do not mention clinician’s attitude towards these values. Recently publishe...

Introduction: The SGLT-2 inhibitors (InibSGLT2) are the newest class of non-insulin antidiabetic drugs (ANI) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Currently is only available in Portugal, dapagliflozin. This pharmacological class have shown benefits in metabolic control (reduction of 0.5–0.8% HbA1c) and in weight loss (1–3 kg).Objective: Evaluate the impact of InibSGLT2 in patients with T2DM followed in a Diabetes department.<p cla...

Introduction: American Thyroid Association recommends that benign thyroid nodules should be revaluated 6–18 months after initial FNA and in case of stability the follow-up should be 3–5 years. However there isn’t any consensus about the periodicity of the follow-up.Aim: To evaluate the nodules in terms of function, size and malignancy in a 10-year follow-up.Methods: Retrospective study of 347 patients (543 benign thy...

Introduction: Postmortem studies have shown that a fifth parathyroid gland may be present in about 5% of patients with hyperparathyroidism. 1% of parathyroid glands are located in thyroid tissue. There’s a prevalence of 7–10% of thyroid ectopic tissue.Case report: A 53-year-old male, submitted to bilateral nephrectomy due to a Grawitz tumour at the age of 25. Under haemodialysis since then (with a rejected renal transplant in the past), he was ...

Introduction: Interaction between diabetes mellitus (DM) and an infection usually results in hyperglycaemia. However, there is data describing hypoglycaemia events related with the association between certain antibiotics and oral anti-diabetic drugs or insulin.Case report: Male, 73 years old, with history of hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. DM type 2 was diagnosed 13 years ago with any macro or microvascular complications so far. Currently he&#14...

Introduction: Lithium therapy is commonly used in bipolar disorder treatment. Alongside the increasing prevalence of goiter and hypothyroidism, the sustaining use of lithium therapy is associated with several metabolic disorders, such as hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism (HPT).Case report: A 64-year-old woman with history of bipolar disorder treated with lithium for several years was referred to our department for evaluation of recurrent hypercalcemi...